In signal processing, signal undergoes several manipulations of independent variable i.e. time. Based upon that we can classify operation as Operations corresponding to transformation of independent variable (Time) Time Shifting Time Scaling Time Reversal Let us see each operation one by one. Time Shifting A signal x(t) may be shifted in time by replacing the … Read more
You might have gone through the term open circuit while solving electrical circuits. Lets see what is a open circuit in electrical circuits. When any element between two terminals is removed then it is called as open circuit between two terminals. The current in an open circuit is always zero regardless of the voltage across … Read more
You might have gone through the term short circuit while solving electrical circuits. Lets see what is a short circuit in electrical circuits. When any element between two terminals is replaced by a zero resistance path then it is called as short circuit between two terminals. The voltage across the short circuit is always zero … Read more
When two or more resistances are connected end to end consecutively, they are said to be connected in series. Figure 1 shows four resistances R1, R2, R3 and R4 which are connected in series. Resistances in series is denoted pictorially as shown in figure 2. According to the law of combination of resistances in series, … Read more
The screw gauge is an instrument used for measuring accurately the diameter of a thin wire or the thickness of a sheet of metal. It was invented by William Gascoigne. It consists of a U-shaped frame fitted with a screwed spindle which is attached to a thimble. A screw gauge is as shown in figure … Read more
Vernier calliper is a precision instrument used to measure internal and external distances accurately upto (1/10)th of a millimetre. The vernier calliper is as shown in the figure 1. Vernier Constant (VC): It is the difference between values of one main scale division and one vernier scale division of vernier callipers. Let n vernier scale … Read more
The number of digits in the measured value which include certain digits plus one uncertain (doubtful) digit are known as significant figures. In this article we will learn Significant Figures Rules and their examples. Rules for Counting the Significant Figures Rule 1: All non-zero digits are significant. Rule 2: All zeros occurring between the non-zero digits … Read more
Neil Bohr, a danish physicist, proposed the Bohr atomic model in 1913. Bohr modified the problems and limitations associated with Rutherford’s model of an atom. Neil Bohr made postulates using Planck’s quantum theory. Postulates of the Bohr Atomic Model 1. The atom has a massively positively charged nucleus. 2. Electrons revolve around the nucleus in a fixed circular path called … Read more
A XNOR gate is a gate that gives a true (1 or HIGH) output when all of its inputs are true or when all of its inputs are false (0 or LOW). An XNOR gate is also called exclusive NOR gate or EXNOR gate. In a two-input XNOR gate, the output is high (logic 1 or … Read more
A XOR gate is a gate that gives a true (1 or HIGH) output when the number of true inputs is odd. An XOR gate is also called exclusive OR gate or EXOR. In a two-input XOR gate, the output is high or true when two inputs are different. In Boolean expression, the term XOR is … Read more