When two or more resistances are connected end to end consecutively, they are said to be connected in series. Figure 1 shows four resistances R1, R2, R3 and R4 which are connected in series. Resistances in series is denoted pictorially as shown in figure 2. According to the law of combination of resistances in series, … Read moreResistance in Series
The screw gauge is an instrument used for measuring accurately the diameter of a thin wire or the thickness of a sheet of metal. It was invented by William Gascoigne. It consists of a U-shaped frame fitted with a screwed spindle which is attached to a thimble. A screw gauge is as shown in figure … Read moreScrew Gauge | Working & Diagram
A non-inverting amplifier is a operational amplifier circuit which produces amplified output signal which is in phase with the input signal. Figure 1 shows the basic non-inverting operational amplifier. The input signal Vin is applied directly to the non-inverting terminal while one side of resistor R1 is connected to the inverting terminal and the other side is … Read moreNon-inverting Operational Amplifier | Applications
Vernier calliper is a precision instrument used to measure internal and external distances accurately upto (1/10)th of a millimetre. The vernier calliper is as shown in the figure 1. Vernier Constant (VC): It is the difference between values of one main scale division and one vernier scale division of vernier callipers. Let n vernier scale … Read moreVernier Callipers | Least Count
The number of digits in the measured value which include certain digits plus one uncertain (doubtful) digit are known as significant figures. In this article we will learn Significant Figures Rules and their examples. Rules for Counting the Significant Figures Rule 1: All non-zero digits are significant. Rule 2: All zeros occurring between the non-zero digits … Read moreSignificant Figures Rules
Neil Bohr, a danish physicist, proposed the Bohr atomic model in 1913. Bohr modified the problems and limitations associated with Rutherford’s model of an atom. Neil Bohr made postulates using Planck’s quantum theory. Postulates of the Bohr Atomic Model 1. The atom has a massively positively charged nucleus. 2. Electrons revolve around the nucleus in a fixed circular path called … Read moreBohr Atomic Model | Postulates
A XNOR gate is a gate that gives a true (1 or HIGH) output when all of its inputs are true or when all of its inputs are false (0 or LOW). An XNOR gate is also called exclusive NOR gate or EXNOR gate. In a two input XNOR gate, the output is high (logic 1 … Read moreXNOR Gate | Symbol, Truth table & Circuit
A XOR gate is a gate that gives a true (1 or HIGH) output when the number of true inputs is odd. An XOR gate is also called exclusive OR gate or EXOR. In a two input XOR gate, the output is high or true when two inputs are different. In Boolean expression, the term XOR … Read moreXOR Gate | Symbol, Truth table & Circuit
A NOR gate is a combination of an OR gate and NOT gate. If we connect the output of OR gate to the input of a NOT gate, the gate so obtained is known as NOR gate. This gate is also called as Negated OR gate. In Boolean expression, the NOR gate is expressed as and is being … Read moreNOR Gate | Symbol, Truth table & Circuit
A NAND gate is a combination of an AND gate and NOT gate. If we connect the output of AND gate to the input of a NOT gate, the gate so obtained is known as NAND gate. This gate is also called as Negated AND gate. In Boolean expression, the NAND gate is expressed asand is being … Read moreNAND Gate | Symbol, Truth table & Circuit