Magnetic lines of force are the imaginary lines that are used to illustrate and describe the pattern of the magnetic field. These lines travel from the north pole to south pole outside the magnet body. These lines travel from the south pole to north pole inside the magnet body. A magnetic field is represented with … Read more
The Dot convention is a type of polarity marking for transformer windings which describes the phase relationships in the transformer schematic diagrams. In this, the dots are mentioned on the primary and secondary windings of the transformer. By convention, the dot represents the positive polarity. Before we learn dot convention in transformer, first see the … Read more
A system is an interconnection/arrangement of different physical components which maps a set of inputs to a set of outputs to achieve certain objectives. How to express the system? There are a number of ways to express/describe systems. Systems can be described by 1. Input-output relationship example, y(t) = t x(t) 2. Differential equation example, … Read more
Thermocouple Vacuum gauge is a device that is used for the measurement of pressure in vacuum systems or in the very low-pressure region (below atmospheric pressure). The working of this gauge depends upon the variation of thermal conductivity of a gas with pressure. The ability of a material to carry heat by conduction is called … Read more
Pirani gauge is a device which is used for the measurement of pressure in vacuum systems or in very low-pressure ranges from 10-1 to 10-3 mm of Hg. The working of this gauge depends upon the variation of thermal conductivity of a gas with pressure. The ability of a material to carry heat by conduction … Read more
An electrical fault is a condition which can cause equipment failures (in transformers, transmission lines, alternators, busbars, etc.) and disturbs the normal working of the system. The faults can also lead to the death of humans, birds, and animals along with equipment failure and electric power supply interruption. Power system protection deals with the protection … Read more
Power system protection is a branch of electrical engineering that deals with the protection of electrical equipment (or component) in a power system network by removing the faulty part. or Power system protection deals with protecting electrical power systems from faults by disconnecting faulty components from the rest of the network. Power system protection is … Read more
Buchholz relay is a special type of relay which is designed to detect the internal faults by monitoring the gas and oil movement in oil-immersed transformers. This relay is named after Max Buchholz in 1921. This relay is used in the transformer having the rating higher than 500KVA. Due to economic consideration, this relay is … Read more
Q-meter is an instrument designed for measuring Quality factor (Q) of a coil as well as for the measurement of inductance, capacitance, and resistance of an electric circuit at radio-frequency. Q-meter is also known as RLC meter. What is Quality factor of the coil? The ratio of the inductive reactance to the effective resistance of … Read more
In this article, we’ll learn voltmeter-ammeter method for the measurement of the medium resistances. As the name of the method suggests, we are having ammeter and voltmeter in this method to measure the resistance of the resistor. There are two possible connections while measuring the medium resistances by this method. We’ll discuss both the connections … Read more