Owen’s bridge is an AC bridge used for measurement of inductance of a coil in terms of capacitance. It is used for low Q-coils. Owen’s bridge is shown in figure 1 under balance condition. From figure 1, there are four arms as arm 1 = ab arm 2 = ad arm 3 = bc arm … Read more
Nuclear radiations emitted by disintegrating nuclei cannot be sensed directly. Indirect methods are employed to detect them. The Geiger Muller Counter is a radiation detector that is used for detection and measurement of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. The other radiation detectors are Ionization chamber and scintillation counters. The Geiger Muller (GM) tube consists of … Read more
A digital voltmeter (DVM) is truly a voltage measuring unit where unknown analog DC voltage is to be measured i.e. first converted to digital form and then displayed on seven segment display. The accuracy, versatility, precision, robustness of Digital electronic devices cannot be matched with that of Analog devices as the former ones are far more … Read more
The Carey Foster bridge is an electrical circuit that can be used to measure medium resistances. It works on the same principle as Wheatstone bridge works i.e. operates upon a null indication principle. It was invented by Carey Foster. Carey Foster Bridge Working The working of Carey foster bridge is based on the working of … Read more
Photoelectric cell is the device which converts light energy into electrical energy. Depending upon the different photoelectric effects employed, the photoelectric cells are of following 3 types. Photoemissive cell Photoconductive cell Photovoltaic cell Photoemissive cell This cell is based on the fact that electrons are emitted from a photo-sensitive surface by the action of light. … Read more
The characteristics of a pulse are shown in figure 1. Base line: It is referred to the DC level and is the line at which the pulse starts and finishes. Base line shift: The shift of base line from zero volts, or the expected value, is called the base line offset. The amplitude of the pulse … Read more
Beat Frequency Oscillator is a type of oscillator used to obtain variable frequency output in the audio frequency range. The basic working of this type of oscillator is as follows. Working Principle Figure 1 shows a block diagram of beat frequency oscillator (BFO). It uses two Radio frequency (RF) oscillators. One is fixed frequency oscillator … Read more
Statement Blondel’s theorem states that if a network is supplied through P conductors, the total power is measured by adding the readings of P wattmeters so arranged that a current element of a wattmeter is in each line and the corresponding voltage element is connected between that line and a common point. Note: If the … Read more
A Wheatstone bridge is used for the accurate measurement of resistance. The Wheatstone bridge works on the principle of null deflection, i.e. the ratio of their resistances are equal, and no current flows through the galvanometer. The general arrangement of the Wheatstone bridge circuit is shown in fig. 1. It is a four arms bridge circuit … Read more
Resistance is classified into three categories as low, medium and high resistance. Medium Resistance ranges from 1Ω to 0.1 MΩ. The different methods used for the measurement of Medium resistance are as follows: Voltmeter-Ammeter method Substitution Method Wheatstone Bridge Method Ohmmeter Method Substitution Method In this section, we will learn about Measurement of Medium Resistance by Substitution Method. In … Read more
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