Water pollution involves contaminated water, whether from chemical, particulate, or bacterial matter that degrades the water’s quality and purity. It can occur in oceans, rivers, lakes, and underground reservoirs, and as different water sources flow together the pollution can spread. The causes of water pollution include the increased sediment from soil erosion, improper waste disposal … Read more
Sigma-delta Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) is used in many application including telecommunications for analog to digital conversion. A Sigma-delta ADC has a modulator and a digital filter (also called as decimation filter) as shown in Fig. 1. A modulator converts the input analog signal into digital bit streams (1s and 0s). The Sigma-delta ADC method is based … Read more
Permittivity of a Material The permittivity is the property of the material which shows the development of an electric field in the presence of an external electric field. In other words, It is the ability of the material to develop the electric field in the presence of an external electric field. It is represented by the … Read more
Noise pollution refers to undesirable levels of noises caused by human activity that disrupt the standard of living in the affected area. It comes from traffic, airports, railroads, manufacturing plants, construction or demolition, concerts, etc. Some noise pollution may be temporary while other sources are permanent. The effects may include hearing loss, wildlife disturbances, and … Read more
Soil pollution is the contamination of the soil that prevents natural growth and balance in the land which is used for cultivation, habitation, or wildlife reserve. It is also called as land pollution. Soil pollution sources include hazardous waste and sewage spills, strip mining, deforestation, household dumping, littering, etc. Soil contamination can lead to poor … Read more
Body Planes They are the hypothetical geometric planes that are used to divide the body into sections. Body Planes are commonly used in both human and zoological anatomy to describe the location or direction of bodily structures. 1. Sagittal or median plane divides the body into sinister and dexter (left and right) sides. 2. Coronal … Read more
Electroencephalography or EEG is the technique of capturing brain’s electrical activity. It was first discovered by Hans Berger in 1929. EEG signal recording can be done using scalp electrodes or intracranial procedure of capturing EEG. International 10-20 system of electrode placement is widely used across the globe for recording scalp EEG. Neurologist classified the brain … Read more
Air Pollution The air pollution is defined as an imbalance in quantity of air which adversely affects the biotic community. In other words, the contamination of undesirable air pollutant which adversely affects environment because of lowering quality of air. Air pollution comes from a wide variety of sources. Some of the most excessive sources include … Read more
Solar Radiation data are measured by 3 devices i.e. Pyranometer Pyrheliometer Sunshine Recorder 1. Pyranometer It is an instrument which is designed to measure Global radiation. It can be placed on horizontal as well as on the inclined surface. If Pyranometer is shaded by a shading ring, it measures the diffused radiation. Shading ring prevents the … Read more
Global Warming The term ‘Global Warming’ was given by Wally Broecker. Global warming is a phenomenon which refers increase in average temperature of the atmosphere of the earth over a long period of time. Before the pre-industrial revolution, the average atmospheric temperature of the earth was 15°C. Currently it is 16.6°C. In last 100 years … Read more