LaTeX document class is an essential aspect of LaTeX, a typesetting system commonly used to produce scientific and mathematical documents due to its excellent support for complex equations and formatting. In LaTeX, the document class defines your document’s overall layout and structure. Here’s a guide on how to use LaTeX document classes:
What is Document Class in LaTeX?
LaTeX provides several document classes, each designed for specific types of documents, such as letter, article, report, book, amsart, thesis, slide, slides, and seminar.
| Document Class | Description |
| letter | The “letter” document class is designed for creating formal letters. It provides a structure suitable for writing letters with options for specifying the sender’s address, the recipient’s address, and the letter’s content. |
| article | “article” is a versatile document class commonly used for short to medium-length documents. It is well-suited for research papers, short reports, and articles, providing a clean and straightforward layout. |
| report | The “report” class suits longer documents requiring chapters, such as reports, theses, or dissertations. It offers chapter and section divisions, making it suitable for more extensive academic or technical content. |
| book | The “book” document class is ideal for longer works like books and manuscripts. It supports features such as parts, chapters, and sections, allowing for a comprehensive and organized structure. |
| amsart | “amsart” is a document class provided by the American Mathematical Society (AMS). It is tailored for mathematical articles and research papers, offering specialized formatting and features for mathematical content. |
| thesis | The “thesis” document class is commonly used for creating academic theses or dissertations. It provides a structure for organizing large documents with chapters, sections, and other necessary elements. |
| slide, slides | “slide” and “slides” document classes are intended for creating presentation slides. These classes are often used with packages like Beamer, offer layouts optimized for creating slideshows for lectures, conferences, or talks. |
| seminar | The “seminar” document class is designed for creating presentation slides for seminars and lectures. It provides a straightforward layout for conveying information effectively in a seminar or educational setting. |
Each of these document classes serves a specific purpose and is equipped with features tailored to the unique requirements of different types of documents.
The document class is declared at the beginning of your LaTeX document using the \documentclass{doctype} command. The argument doctype within the {} is obligatory, representing the class or type of the document.
Basic Document Structure
A minimal LaTeX document typically consists of the following structure:
\documentclass{doctype}
\begin{document}
% Your content goes here
\end{document}Replace with the desired document class (e.g., letter, article, report, book, amsart, thesis, slide, slides, seminar).
Document Classes
The basic syntax for different document classes is as follows.
letter:
\documentclass{letter}article:
\documentclass{article}report:
\documentclass{report}book:
\documentclass{book}amsart:
\documentclass{amsart}thesis:
\documentclass{thesis}slide:
\documentclass{slide}slides:
\documentclass{slides}seminar:
\documentclass{seminar}Default Setting
By default, when using \documentclass{}, the document is formatted to be printed on letter-size paper with 10-point fonts. It is noted that 1 point ≈ 0.0138 inch ≈ 0.3515 mm.
Options for Document Classes
Various user-defined formats for a document can be achieved by specifying different options with \documentclass{}. This is done using the syntax \documentclass[x1, x2, …]{doctype}, where x1, x2, etc., within the square brackets [] represent the options. Multiple options can be included in any order, separated by commas. For example, \documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article} configures the document class to print an article on A4 paper with 12-point fonts.
Following is a table of standard options for the \documentclass[]{} command:
| Format | Default Option | Other Options |
| Drafting | final | draft |
| Font Size | 10pt | 11pt and 12pt |
| Title Printing | titlepage and notitlepage | |
| Paper Size | letterpaper | a4paper, a5paper, b5paper, legalpaper and executivepaper |
| Type of Printing | oneside (default for report and article) and twoside (default for book) | |
| Columns of texts | onecolumn | twocolumn |
| Page Orientation | portrait | landscape |
| Bibliography | openbib | |
| New Chapter | openright (default for book) | openany |
| Equation | leqno and fleqn |
LaTeX document classes provide a powerful and flexible way to structure and format documents. By choosing the appropriate class and utilizing packages, you can create professional-looking documents for various purposes.
