LaTeX Symbols – Comprehensive Guide

The use of symbols are frequent in scientific documents and articles. We can’t write symbols in LaTeX directly by copy-paste like we do normally in a word processor. Proper commands are given for LaTeX symbols. We can easily write Greek letters, mathematical symbols, binary operation symbols, currency symbols, arrow symbols, etc. in LaTeX. This article provides a list of symbols and their commands. Also check out LaTeX tutorial.

Comprehensive Guide to LaTeX Symbols

List of Greek letters in LaTeX

Greek Letter Command Greek Letter Command
$\alpha$ \alpha $\beta$ \beta
$\chi$ \chi $\delta$ \delta
$\epsilon$ \epsilon $\eta$ \eta
$\gamma$ \gamma $\iota$ \iota
$\kappa$ \kappa $\lambda$ \lambda
$\mu$ \mu $\nu$ \nu
$o$ o $\omega$ \omega
$\phi$ \phi $\pi$ \pi
$\psi$ \psi $\rho$ \rho
$\sigma$ \sigma $\tau$ \tau
$\upsilon$ \upsilon $\theta$ \theta
$\xi$ \xi $\zeta$ \zeta
$\digamma$ \digamma $\varepsilon$ \varepsilon
$\varkappa$ \varkappa $\varphi$ \varphi
$\varpi$ \varpi $\varrho$ \varrho
$\varsigma$ \varsigma $\vartheta$ \vartheta
$\Delta$ \Delta $\Gamma$ \Gamma
$\Lambda$ \Lambda $\Omega$ \Omega
$\Phi$ \Phi $\Pi$ \Pi
$\Psi$ \Psi $\Sigma$ \Sigma
$\Theta$ \Theta $\Upsilon$ \Upsilon
$\Xi$ \Xi $\aleph$ \aleph
$\beth$ \beth $\daleth$ \daleth
$\gimel$ \gimel

List of LaTeX Math symbols

Mathematical Symbol Command Mathematical Symbol Command
$\frac{a}{b}$ \frac{a}{b} $\sqrt{a}$ \sqrt{a}
$\sqrt[n]{a}$ \sqrt[n]{a} $\overline{xyz}$ \overline{xyz}
$\underline{xyz}$ \underline{xyz} $\widehat{xyz}$ \widehat{xyz}
$\widetilde{xyz}$ \widetilde{xyz} $\overrightarrow{xyz}$ \overrightarrow{xyz}
$\overleftarrow{xyz}$ \overleftarrow{xyz} $\overbrace{xyz}$ \overbrace{xyz}
$\underbrace{xyz}$ \underbrace{xyz} $\sum$ \sum
$\prod$ \prod $\coprod$ \coprod
$\int$ \int $\oint$ \oint
$\iint$ \iint $\biguplus$ \biguplus
$\bigcap$ \bigcap $\bigcup$ \bigcup
$\bigoplus$ \bigoplus $\bigotimes$ \bigotimes
$\bigodot$ \bigodot $\bigvee$ \bigvee
$\bigwedge$ \bigwedge $\bigsqcup$ \bigsqcup

List of LaTeX Arrow symbols

Arrow Symbol Command Arrow Symbol Command
$\uparrow$ \uparrow $\longleftrightarrow$ \longleftrightarrow
$\downarrow$ \downarrow $\Longleftrightarrow$ \Longleftrightarrow
$\Uparrow$ \Uparrow $\nwarrow$ \nwarrow
$\Downarrow$ \Downarrow $\nearrow$ \nearrow
$\updownarrow$ \updownarrow $\swarrow$ \swarrow
$\Updownarrow$ \Updownarrow $\searrow$ \searrow
$\leftarrow$ \leftarrow $\mapsto$ \mapsto
$\rightarrow$ \rightarrow $\longmapsto$ \longmapsto
$\leftrightarrow$ \leftrightarrow $\hookleftarrow$ \hookleftarrow
$\Leftrightarrow$ \Leftrightarrow $\hookrightarrow$ \hookrightarrow
$\Leftarrow$ \Leftarrow $\leftharpoonup$ \leftharpoonup
$\Rightarrow$ \Rightarrow $\rightharpoonup$ \rightharpoonup
$\longleftarrow$ \longleftarrow $\leftharpoondown$ \leftharpoondown
$\longrightarrow$ \longrightarrow $\rightharpoondown$ \rightharpoondown
$\Longleftarrow$ \Longleftarrow $\rightleftharpoons$ \rightleftharpoons
$\Longrightarrow$ \Longrightarrow

List of LaTeX Binary Operation/Relation Symbols

Symbols Command Symbols Command
$\ast$ \ast $\star$ \star
$\cdot$ \cdot $\circ$ \circ
$\bullet$ \bullet $\bigcirc$ \bigcirc
$\diamond$ \diamond $\times$ \times
$\div$ \div $\centerdot$ \centerdot
$\circledast$ \circledast $\circledcirc$ \circledcirc
$\circleddash$ \circleddash $\dotplus$ \dotplus
$\divideontimes$ \divideontimes $\equiv$ \equiv
$\cong$ \cong $\neq$ \neq
$\sim$ \sim $\simeq$ \simeq
$\approx$ \approx $\asymp$ \asymp
$\doteq$ \doteq $\propto$ \propto
$\models$ \models $\approxeq$ \approxeq
$\thicksim$ \thicksim $\backsim$ \backsim
$\backsimeq$ \backsimeq $\triangleq$ \triangleq
$\circeq$ \circeq $\bumpeq$ \bumpeq
$\Bumpeq$ \Bumpeq $\doteqdot$ \doteqdot
$\thickapprox$ \thickapprox $\fallingdotseq$ \fallingdotseq
$\risingdotseq$ \risingdotseq $\varpropto$ \varpropto
$\therefore$ \therefore $\because$ \because
$\eqcirc$ \eqcirc $\neq$ \neq
$\pm$ \pm $\mp$ \mp
$\amalg$ \amalg $\odot$ \odot
$\ominus$ \ominus $\oplus$ \oplus
$\oslash$ \oslash $\otimes$ \otimes
$\wr$ \wr $\Box$ \Box
$\boxplus$ \boxplus $\boxminus$ \boxminus
$\boxtimes$ \boxtimes $\boxdot$ \boxdot
$\square$ \square $\leq$ \leq
$\prec$ \prec $\preceq$ \preceq
$\ll$ \ll $\subset$ \subset
$\subseteq$ \subseteq $\sqsubset$ \sqsubset
$\sqsubseteq$ \sqsubseteq $\dashv$ \dashv
$\in$ \in $\leqq$ \leqq
$\leqslant$ \leqslant $\lessapprox$ \lessapprox
$\lll$ \lll $\lessdot$ \lessdot
$\lesssim$ \lesssim $\eqslantless$ \eqslantless
$\precsim$ \precsim $\precapprox$ \precapprox
$\Subset$ \Subset $\subseteqq$ \subseteqq
$\sqsubset$ \sqsubset $\preccurlyeq$ \preccurlyeq
$\curlyeqprec$ \curlyeqprec $\blacktriangleleft$ \blacktriangleleft
$\trianglelefteq$ \trianglelefteq $\vartriangleleft$ \vartriangleleft
$\cap$ \cap $\cup$ \cup
$\uplus$ \uplus $\sqcap$ \sqcap
$\sqcup$ \sqcup $\wedge$ \wedge
$\vee$ \vee $\dagger$ \dagger
$\ddagger$ \ddagger $\barwedge$ \barwedge
$\curlywedge$ \curlywedge $\Cap$ \Cap
$\bot$ \bot $\intercal$ \intercal
$\doublebarwedge$ \doublebarwedge $\geq$ \geq
$\succ$ \succ $\succeq$ \succeq
$\gg$ \gg $\supset$ \supset
$\supseteq$ \supseteq $\sqsupset$ \sqsupset
$\sqsupseteq$ \sqsupseteq $\vdash$ \vdash
$\ni$ \ni $\geqq$ \geqq
$\geqslant$ \geqslant $\gtrapprox$ \gtrapprox
$\ggg$ \ggg $\gtrdot$ \gtrdot
$\gtrsim$ \gtrsim $\eqslantgtr$ \eqslantgtr
$\succsim$ \succsim $\succapprox$ \succapprox
$\Supset$ \Supset $\supseteqq$ \supseteqq
$\sqsupset$ \sqsupset $\succcurlyeq$ \succcurlyeq
$\curlyeqsucc$ \curlyeqsucc $\blacktriangleright$ \blacktriangleright
$\trianglerighteq$ \trianglerighteq $\vartriangleright$ \vartriangleright
$\lhd$ \lhd $\rhd$ \rhd
$\triangleleft$ \triangleleft $\triangleright$ \triangleright
$\unlhd$ \unlhd $\unrhd$ \unrhd
$\bigtriangledown$ \bigtriangledown $\bigtriangleup$ \bigtriangleup
$\setminus$ \setminus $\veebar$ \veebar
$\curlyvee$ \curlyvee $\Cup$ \Cup
$\top$ \top $\rightthreetimes$ \rightthreetimes
$\leftthreetimes$ \leftthreetimes $\perp$ \perp
$\mid$ \mid $\parallel$ \parallel
$\bowtie$ \bowtie $\Join$ \Join
$\ltimes$ \ltimes $\rtimes$ \rtimes
$\smile$ \smile $\frown$ \frown
$\notin$ \notin $\lessgtr$ \lessgtr
$\lesseqgtr$ \lesseqgtr $\lesseqqgtr$ \lesseqqgtr
$\gtreqqless$ \gtreqqless $\gtreqless$ \gtreqless
$\gtrless$ \gtrless $\backepsilon$ \backepsilon
$\between$ \between $\pitchfork$ \pitchfork
$\shortmid$ \shortmid $\smallfrown$ \smallfrown
$\smallsmile$ \smallsmile $\Vdash$ \Vdash
$\vDash$ \vDash $\Vvdash$ \Vvdash
$\shortparallel$ \shortparallel $\nshortparallel$ \nshortparallel
$\ncong$ \ncong $\nmid$ \nmid
$\nparallel$ \nparallel $\nshortmid$ \nshortmid
$\nshortparallel$ \nshortparallel $\nsim$ \nsim
$\nVDash$ \nVDash $\nvDash$ \nvDash
$\nvdash$ \nvdash $\ntriangleleft$ \ntriangleleft
$\ntrianglelefteq$ \ntrianglelefteq $\ntriangleright$ \ntriangleright
$\ntrianglerighteq$ \ntrianglerighteq $\nleq$ \nleq
$\nleqq$ \nleqq $\nleqslant$ \nleqslant
$\nless$ \nless $\nprec$ \nprec
$\npreceq$ \npreceq $\precnapprox$ \precnapprox
$\precnsim$ \precnsim $\lnapprox$ \lnapprox
$\lneq$ \lneq $\lneqq$ \lneqq
$\lnsim$ \lnsim $\lvertneqq$ \lvertneqq
$\ngeq$ \ngeq $\ngeqq$ \ngeqq
$\ngeqslant$ \ngeqslant $\ngtr$ \ngtr
$\nsucc$ \nsucc $\nsucceq$ \nsucceq
$\succnapprox$ \succnapprox $\succnsim$ \succnsim
$\gnapprox$ \gnapprox $\gneq$ \gneq
$\gneqq$ \gneqq $\gnsim$ \gnsim
$\gvertneqq$ \gvertneqq $\nsubseteq$ \nsubseteq
$\nsupseteq$ \nsupseteq $\nsubseteqq$ \nsubseteqq
$\nsupseteqq$ \nsupseteqq $\subsetneq$ \subsetneq
$\supsetneq$ \supsetneq $\subsetneqq$ \subsetneqq
$\supsetneqq$ \supsetneqq $\varsubsetneq$ \varsubsetneq
$\varsupsetneq$ \varsupsetneq $\varsubsetneqq$ \varsubsetneqq
$\varsupsetneqq$ \varsupsetneqq

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