In electronics, based on the direction of current flow, the elements or the components can be classified into two categories – bilateral and unilateral. The element that lets current pass through it in both directions i.e., the current does not depend on the polarity of the applied voltage, is called a bilateral element; for example … Read more
The semiconductor materials are classified as intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. The intrinsic semiconductors are not classified further while extrinsic semiconductors can be further classified as n-type or p-type semiconductors on the basis of the nature of doping. If the impurity added to the intrinsic semiconductor is of group V then the semiconductor thus formed is … Read more
The diode is a two-terminal electronic component made up of semiconductor materials such as silicon, gallium, etc. It is a unidirectional device i.e. it allows current flow only in one direction. A diode is an uncontrolled device. There are different types of diode. The internal resistance of an ideal diode is considered as zero in … Read more
Like Zener diode, avalanche diode is a semiconductor diode that operates especially in the reverse-biased region. It is a type of PN junction diode having the same symbol as the Zener diode. The avalanche diode is designed in such a way that it can withstand the avalanche breakdown without being damaged by the suddenly and … Read more
Schottky diode is a special type of diode made up of metal and semiconductor materials. The schottky diode is named after the name of the scientist Walter H. Schottky, who had discovered the diode for the first time. This diode is also known as surface barrier diode. It is also known as hot carrier diode. … Read more
Varactor diode is a type of PN junction diode that behaves as a variable capacitor under varying reverse-biased voltage applied to its terminals. It shows this capacitive effect under reverse biased condition only. It has two terminals i.e. anode and cathode. It is also known by other names such as tunning diode or voltage variable … Read more
Pin diode is a type of diode that has p-type and n-type semiconductor material sandwiching an intrinsic layer. The intrinsic layer is a layer of undoped semiconductor material. This is the structural difference between a normal PN junction diode and a PIN junction diode. Like PN junction diode, ‘P’ refers to the positive p-type region, … Read more
A differential amplifier is an op amp circuit which is designed to amplify the difference input available and reject the common-mode voltage. It is used for suppressing the effect of noise at the output. Since the noise present will be having the same amplitude at the two terminals of the op-amp. So when the difference … Read more
Slew rate is defined as the maximum rate of change of the op amp output voltage per unit of time in the closed-loop configuration under large-signal condition. Slew rate indicates how rapidly the op amp output can change in response to change in the input frequency. It is given as \[ \quicklatex{color=”#000000″ size=20} \boxed{Slew\; rate=\frac{\mathrm{d} … Read more
Peak Detector is a circuit which is used to detect the peaks of the applied input signal. It basically follows the input voltage and stores the peak voltage. It employs a diode and capacitor to implement this function. Types of Peak Detector Active peak detector Passive peak detector Active peak detector Active peak detectors use … Read more