Types of Superconductor Material

There are two types of superconductor materials

1. Type-1 superconductor
2. Type-2 superconductor

Type-1 superconductor

• They are also called as Soft Superconductor.
• Their critical field and transition temperature are low.
• They exhibit complete Meissner’s and Silsbee rule.
• The change of state from normal to superconductivity and vice-versa is abrupt.
• Examples: Zn, Pb, Hg, Al, In, etc.

Type-2 superconductor

• They are also called as Hard Superconductor or non-ideal superconductor.
• They exhibit incomplete Meissner’s effect and Silbee rule.
• Their critical field and transition temperature are high.
• The change of state from normal to superconductivity and vice-versa is gradual.
• This superconductor exhibit incomplete Meissner’s effect in the vortex region.
• Examples: Nb₃Al, NbTi, etc.

Applications

1. Magnets for nuclear fusion
2. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
3. Generators and Motors
4. Switching elements like “Cryotron“.

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