A sensor is basically a device that converts the physical parameter (for example, viscosity, temperature, blood pressure, light intensity, humidity, speed, etc.) into a signal(may be electrical or non-electrical quantity) which can be easily measured. For example, let us consider an electrical resistance temperature element. Here the measurand is the temperature which is being sensed by the said device and it produces an electrical resistance from the temperature being measured.
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Note: All sensors are transducers but not all transducers are sensors.
Also Read: Smart Sensors
Static Characteristics
- Accuracy
- Precision
- Reproducibility & Repeatability
- Range and span
- Sensitivity
- Signal to noise(S/N) ratio
- Linearity
- Hysteresis
Dynamic Characteristics
- Frequency and Impulse responses
- Speed of the response
- Measuring lag
- Fidelity
- Dynamic error
Classification of sensors
| Sensor Types | Examples |
| Flow | Differential Pressure, Electromagnetic, Ultrasonic |
| Level | Mechanical, DP, Magnetostrictive, radio frequency |
| Temperature | RTD, Thermistor, Thermocouple, |
| Displacement | Potentiometric, LVDT, Capacitive, Photoelectric |
| Acceleration | Accelerometer, Gyroscope |
| Image | CMOS,CCDs |
| Chemical | Ionization, Infrared, Semiconductor |
| Biosensor | Electrochemical, SPR, LAP |
| Others | Mass, Force, Humidity, Viscosity |
Can you please elaborate the fabrication steps for designing of smart sensor