Power transformer and distribution transformer are two types of transformer. Both transformers have different features. In this article, we will learn the difference between power and distribution transformer.
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The main difference between power transformer and distribution transformer is that power transformer operates during load period whereas distribution transformer operates in both load and no-load period.
Let us see the difference between the two in detail.
Difference between Power transformer and Distribution transformer
| Power transformer | Distribution transformer |
| These transformers are used in generating stations and substations. | These transformers are used in distribution stations for supplying power to domestic and industrial loads. |
| It steps up voltages in generating stations and steps down voltages in substations. | It only steps down voltages. |
| It has a large size as compared to the distribution transformer. | It is smaller in size as compared to the power transformer. |
| These transformers operate only during load periods. | These transformers operate during load and no-load periods. |
| It is disconnected during the light load periods. | It is not disconnected during the light load periods. |
| It operates few hours a day. | It operates 24 hours a day. |
| It always operates at full load conditions. | It operates at a load less than full load. |
| It is designed with higher leakage reactance. | It is designed with small leakage reactance. |
| Voltage regulation is less important. | It has good voltage regulation. |
| The load fluctuations are very less in the power transformer. | The load fluctuations are more in the distribution transformer. |
| The flux density is higher in the power transformer. | The flux density is lower in the distribution transformer as compared to the power transformer. |
| It has a rating above 200 MVA. | It has a rating below 200 MVA. |
| It is designed to have maximum efficiency near 100%. | It has maximum efficiency between 50% to 70%. |
| Here Efficiency is calculated as the ratio of output to input power. | Here All day Efficiency is calculated as the load varies throughout a day. |
What is a distribution transformer?
- It is used to step down the distribution voltage to a level suitable for utilization purposes at the consumer’s premises.
- Distribution Transformer has its secondary terminals directly connected to the consumer’s terminal.
- They remain in operation all 24 hours a day.
- Distribution Transformers have good voltage regulation.
- Distribution Transformers have a small value of leakage reactance.
- They are designed to have a very low value of core loss.
What is a power transformer?
- They are used in generating stations or substations.
- It is used for step up or step down the voltage level.
- Power Transformer secondary terminals do not directly connect to the consumer’s terminal.
- They do not remain in operation all 24 hours a day. They operated during load periods and disconnected during light load periods.
- Power Transformers have maximum efficiency at or near full load.
- Power Transformers have greater leakage reactance.
