Transfer function Definition A transfer function is expressed as the ratio of Laplace transform of output to the Laplace transform of input assuming all initial condition to be zero. Consider a system whose time domain block diagram is where, r(t) = input and c(t) = output Now taking Laplace transform then Now the transfer … Read more
The measurement of a given quantity is essentially an act or result of comparison between a quantity, whose magnitude (amount) is unknown with a similar quantity whose magnitude (amount) is known, the latter being called standard. Measurement involves the use of the instrument as a physical means of determining quantities or variables. The instruments serve … Read more
An Instrument may be defined as a device or a system which is designed to maintain a functional relationship between prescribed properties of physical variables and must include ways and means of communication to a human observer. Functional Elements of an Instrumentation System Most of the measurement system contains following main functional elements as shown … Read more
Introduction Core Balance Current Transformer or CBCT is a ring-type current transformer through the center of which a three core cable or three single core cables (forms the primary winding) of three phase system passes. This type of current transformer is normally used for earth fault protection for low and medium voltage system. A typical … Read more
Power electronics is a combination of two main branches of engineering i.e. power and electronics engineering. Power engineering deals with the generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of electric energy at high power level whereas electronic engineering deals with the production, transmission, and reception of signals & data at the low power level. Power engineering machines/apparatus … Read more
Static Sensitivity Static Sensitivity of an instrument or an instrumentation system is defined as the ratio of the magnitude of the output signal or response to the magnitude of an input signal or the quantity being measured. The reciprocal of sensitivity is defined as inverse sensitivity or deflection factor. The sensitivity of an instrument should … Read more
In this article, we will see the difference between accuracy and precision terms. They are also most confusing terms in measurements regarding instruments. What is Accuracy? Accuracy is the closeness with which the instrument reading reaches the true value of the quantity being measured. 1. The accuracy of measurement means conformity to truth. 2. The … Read more
Soft Magnetic Materials These materials are easy to magnetise and demagnetise. These materials favour rapid switching (it means high frequency) of magnetism to applied ac field. These materials have low retentivity. Low coercivity. High permeability High magnetic saturation Low hysteresis losses because of the lesser area of the hysteresis loop. These materials are used for … Read more
Scale Range and Scale Span are two most confusing terms in measurement. Many a times students get confused with these two terms. Here I have clarified both these terms in the easy language. In analog instruments, the value of measurand is indicated by the pointer on a scale. A scale has some values mentioned on … Read more
In this article, we will learn about two important terms Reproducibility and Drift. These two terms are important for instruments in measurements. Reproducibility Reproducibility is defined as the degree of closeness with which a given value may be repeatedly measured. Drift Drift is the gradual shift in the indication or record of the instrument over … Read more
