Frequency variation in the power system exists due to the mismatch between the supply of power and demand for the power. Voltage variations exist in the power grid is due to the mismatch in the reactive power between demand (MVAR) and available. In spite of all these variations, there is a certain limit for the … Read more
In modern measurement systems, the various components comprising the system are usually located at the distance from each other. It is, therefore, becomes necessary to transmit the data and information between them through some form of communication channel. Telemetry may be defined as measurement at a distance. Telemetry is indicating, recording, integrating a quantity at … Read more
In this article, we will learn about causes of low power factor and methods to avoid low Power Factor. Causes of Low Power Factor Some of the reasons for low power factor are 1. Induction motors and Transformers Where ever the magnetising current is to be produced by the ac power such as in the … Read more
Voltmeters and Ammeters are used to measure the voltage and current in the circuits. Using instrument transformers, ranges of these devices to measure can be increased. A current transformer is basically a step-down transformer; hence it steps down the current. When used in conjunction with the low range ammeter, a current transformer (CT) increases the range … Read more
The operation of moving coil meters depends on the electromagnetic effect of the current (a force is exerted on the current carrying conductor when placed in a magnetic field). Moving coil instruments are of two types Permanent magnet type Dynamometer type Permanent magnet type moving coil instruments can be used only in dc circuits whereas … Read more
Advantages of PLCs 1. Higher Reliability Once the program was written and tested it can be easily downloaded into other PLC’s memory. It requires lesser and simpler wiring compared to conventional hard-wired circuits employed. Hence reliability of the system increases significantly with PLCs. 2. More Flexibility It is easier to create a new program module … Read more
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) have basic architecture compared to normal general purpose computers. A normal computer can be converted to PLCs by providing a way that the computer can able to receive information or signal from the field devices such as push buttons, switches and valve positions. The computer requires some software to process the information … Read more
Applications of SCADA SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems have a wide range of applications. SCADA technology is widely used where the process systems spread in the wide range of area away from the control center. These process system applications require control, monitor and frequent intervention for better operation of the system. In these … Read more
Master Terminal Units (MTU) role Master terminal units (MTU) in SCADA system is a device that issues the commands to the Remote Terminal Unit (RTUs) which are located at remote places from the control, gathers the required data, stores the information, and process the information and display the information in the form of pictures, curves … Read more
Constant Voltage Transmission Voltage in a long distance transmission line drops from sending end to receiving end due to the presence of line losses in the system ( except on no-load conditions). Voltage regulation and power handling capability are two important features of the transmission line for delivering the power. The voltage of the transmission … Read more
